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Carbon fibers can be made by carbonizing polyacrylonitrile fibers, pitch fibers, viscose fibers or phenolic fibers. The most commonly used carbon fibers are mainly polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers and pitch carbon fibers. The fabrication of carbon fibers involves four processes: fiber spinning, thermal stabilization (pre-oxidation), carbonization, and graphitization. The accompanying chemical changes include dehydrogenation, cyclization, pre-oxidation, oxidation and deoxygenation.

Carbon fibers with high mechanical properties made from viscose must be drawn and graphitized at high temperatures. The carbonization yield is low, the process is difficult, and the equipment is complicated. This product is mainly used for ablation-resistant materials and thermal insulation materials; carbon fiber is made of pitch, with abundant raw material sources and high carbonization rate. However, it has not been developed on a large scale due to the complex preparation of raw materials and the low product performance. High-performance carbon fibers can be made from polyacrylonitrile fiber precursors. The production process is simpler than other methods. It has great performance and has grown well in the carbon fiber industry since the 1960s.

The production of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber mainly includes two processes: raw silk production and raw silk carbonization.

The production process of raw silk mainly includes the processes of polymerization, degassing, metering, spinning, drawing, washing, oiling, drying, and receiving.

The carbonization process mainly includes wire feeding, pre-oxidation, low temperature carbonization, high temperature carbonization, surface treatment, sizing and drying, and winding and winding processes.